February marks Oesophageal Cancer Awareness Month.
Around 9000 people are diagnosed with this disease every year and it is one of the UK’s least survivable cancers. Often described as the silent disease - being one of the most challenging to detect early, it affects the oesophagus the gullet: the long, muscular tube that carries food and liquids from the mouth to the stomach) - and early symptoms are often mistaken for heartburn.
Raising awareness about this cancer is vital because early detection can significantly improve treatment outcomes and survival rates.
What is oesophageal cancer?
Oesophageal cancer occurs when abnormal cells grow uncontrollably in the lining of the oesophagus. There are two main types:
- Squamous cell carcinoma, usually affecting the upper and middle parts of the oesophagus and more commonly associated with smoking and alcohol use.
- Adenocarcinoma, more commonly found in the lower part, near the stomach, often linked to acid reflux
Both types can interfere with swallowing and digestion and may spread to other parts of the body if not detected early.
Risk factors
Several factors can increase the risk of developing oesophageal cancer, including:
- Tobacco use (smoking or chewing)
- Heavy alcohol consumption
- Chronic acid reflux or gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)
- Barrett’s oesophagus (a condition caused by long-term acid reflux)
- Obesity
- Poor diet low in fruits and vegetables
- Increasing age, especially over the age of 50.
Symptoms you should never ignore
Early-stage oesophageal cancer may not cause noticeable symptoms, which is why it is often diagnosed late. As the disease progresses, symptoms may include:
- Difficulty or pain when swallowing
- Feeling that food is stuck in the throat or chest
- Unexplained weight loss
- Persistent heartburn or indigestion
- Chest pain or discomfort
- Hoarseness or chronic cough
- Fatigue
Anyone experiencing these symptoms for more than a few weeks should seek medical attention. These symptoms do not automatically mean cancer but certainly warrant investigation.
Why awareness matters and the importance of early detection
Oesophageal cancer is often diagnosed at a later stage because many people often live with the disease for months or even years before seeking medical advice and usually seek medical attention due to difficulties swallowing.
Early detection greatly improves the chances of successful treatment. Diagnostic tools such as a barium swallow, endoscopy, imaging scans, and biopsies can help identify the disease at an early stage and lead more effective treatment options.
Prevention and healthy lifestyle choices
Oesophageal cancer can affect anyone. The risk of oesophageal cancer can be reduced by:
- Quitting smoking and avoiding tobacco products
- Limiting alcohol intake
- Maintaining a healthy weight
- Eating a balanced diet rich in fruits, vegetables, and whole grains
- Managing acid reflux through lifestyle changes and medication
- Seeking medical advice for persistent digestive symptoms
Treatment options
Treatment depends on the stage and type of cancer and may include surgery, chemotherapy, radiation therapy, targeted therapy, or a combination of these. Supportive care, including nutritional and emotional support, is also an important part of treatment.
Raising awareness saves lives
Oesophageal cancer awareness helps people recognise symptoms early, understand risk factors, and seek timely medical care. By promoting healthy lifestyles, regular check-ups, and open conversations about digestive health, we can reduce the impact of this disease and save lives.
Support
More information and support can be found from organisations such Macmillan, Guts UK and Heartburn Cancer Uk – see below:
http://.gutscharity.org.uk
Sarah Grogan, Legal Director and Specialist Medical Negligence Solicitor from MDS, says “If you notice ongoing or worrying symptoms, it’s important to get them checked. Early diagnosis of oesophageal cancer can be critical, and delays in recognising or investigating symptoms can have a serious impact.”
